Proportional picture variator



June 18, 1940. w, STRAUBEL Er AL 2,204,709

PROPORTIONAL PICTURE VARIATOR Filed larch 24, 1958 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 1&1 1 BYJOjZ/i Edna/f M ATT R NEYS June18.194o. E. STRAUBEL ET AL 2,204,709

PROPORTIDNAL PICTURE VARIATOR Filed larch 24, 1938 2 SheetSSheet 2 ATTORN EY Patented June 18, 1940 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE rnoron'rlonnr. mm vanm'ron Walter E. Straube, North an-gen, and John'P. Eonali', West New York, N. J.

Application March 24,1938, Serial No. 197,926

2 Claims.

This invention relates to a projection device adapted to proportionally vary the size of a projected image and method of displaying images of pictures, symbols, and other objects for 5 advertising, amusement, educational or lecture This attention-arresting effect or an image un-" dergoing change may even be intensified if such change produces an effect of movement toward or away from the observer, thereby attracting him in response to his natural impulse to avoid collision with any approaching object; and in the case of a receding object, to the drawingeffect created bythe receding movement thereoif. Having in mind thisattention-arresting eflect of movement towardand away from the casual observer, it is an object o! the invention to provide a device adapted to display images of pictures, symbols, and otherobjects by causing the size of the displayed image to undergo proportional change with the resulting sense-eflect of movement toward or awayirom the observer, as the case may be.

Another object of the invention is to construct a compact device adapted to automatically focus the image of a picture, symbol or other matter upon a screen or the like, and to vary the size thereof while maintaining the image in proper focus.

A further object of the invention is to provide an automatic focusing device adapted to display in a consecutive order images of the subject matter contained in a plurality of lantern slides,.or the consecutive frames of movie film. Q A still further object of the invention is topr duce a new and novel method of displaying pictures, symbols or other objects so as to produce an attention-arresting effect upon the casual observer.

In order to display an imageon a screen to produce a sense-elect of movement toward or away from the observer, it is necessary to cause the image to undergo a proportional change in size, and at the same time maintain the image in proper focus. The present invention accomplishes this eflect in a compact arrangement of movable parts. A reflector or mirror is mounted for movement toward and away from a screen, and a projector which is-directed toward the reflecting surface of the reflector is mounted for movement toward and away from such reflectin surface so that the projected image may be varied in size by the separate movementsof the reflector and projector. By combining the movements of both the reflector and the projector the 1 space normally necessary to accomplish the same degree of change is materially reduced. The

mechanism which supports and moves the re- 1 flector and projector is operatively connected to the objective of the projector so that the objective is automatically adjusted in accordance, with the movement of the reflector and projector, thereby maintaining the projected image in proper focus for all positions of the reflector and projector. In the embodiment of the invention adapted to produce a sense-efiect of movement toward ,oraway from the observer, the moving parts of the invention are driven through a cycle of movements, such that the projected image is 0 changed in size at a rate suitable to produce the sensation of movement toward or awayfrom an observer as desired. and advantageously further so arranged as to maintain the image in a destrable size for a period of time sufficient for an 25 observer to fully ascertain the contents thereof. This cycle of movements may be repeated for the displayof a single picture or object, or for a consecutive series of pictures or objects. Where a single picture or object is to be repeatedlydisplayed, or a series of pictures or other objects are to be displayed in a consecutive order, the source of light may be tie-energized during the phase of the cycle when the image is being changed back to its initial size or when the pictures are interchanged.

For enlarging and printing purposes, a locking device may be provided to retain the movable mechanism in the position where the projected image is of a size desired. While the mechanism is thus retained in one position, an easel provided with sensitized paper may be substituted for the screen and the source of light controlled to per- 1 form the necessary exposure.

For a more complete understanding of the invention, reference may be had to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawinns, in which: v

Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of one form of the invention indicating two different operating positions oi! the focusing mechanism thereof which is also shown as including a lantern slide feeding disc;

Figure 2 is a view in plan of the apparatus,

Figure 31s a sectional view taken on lin 3-3 oi Figure 2 showing details of the lantern slid indicated in the broken lines;

feeding disc;

Figure 4 is a view in plan to Figure 2 of a modified form of the invention with the reflector removed showing a fllm feeding device with the cover portion thereof removed:

Figure 5 is a sectional view of the film-feeding device, taken along line 66 of Figure 4; and Figure 6 is a view showing a further form of the invention whereby the projector device may be locked in any desired position.

,In that form of the invention illustrated in Figures 1, 2'and 3, the projection device is enclosed by ahousing I6, consisting of abase I2 and a cover portion I4. Appropriately mounted on the base I2 is a pair of spaced, triangular, upright brackets I6 and I3 which support a fixed shaft 26 extending through the lower inner'corners thereof. A track assembly 22 comprising triangular upper and lower brackets 24 and 26 which are interconnected bythree fixed rods 23, 36 and 32 is pivotally mounted for limited oscillatory'movement on the fixed shaft 26 by the apertured portion 33 of the lower bracket 26. The upper bracket 24 pivotally supportsa refiector 66, which may be a metallic plate or other reflecting medium, by an apertured portion 34. Extending from one edge of the reflector plate 36 is an apertured arin 38 adapted to engage a rod 46 slidably mounted} in the upper bracket 26 and carried by an arm :42 slidably engaged to the rod 23 and secured to a rod 44, slidably mounted in the brackets 24 and 26. A spring 46 inter posed between the bracket 24 and arm 42 urges the rod 46 against a fixed cam 43 carried by the shaft 26. The upper portion of the rod 46 is threaded to receive adjustment nuts 62 and 66 which, together with a spring 56, enable the reflector 36 to be readily adjusted with respect to the location of the screen 66.

Whenthe track assembly 22 is oscillated about the shaft 26; the rod 44 is urged to ride on the surface of the cam 63 by the spring 46, causing the reflector 36 to oscillate in proportion to the I oscillation of the track assembly 22 so that the reflection of the projected image will be properly centered on the screen 66 for all positions of the track assembly 22. To counterbalance a portion of the weight of the track assembly 22 a spring 63 may be secured thereto as at 63 and anchored to some stationary "portion of the device, such as bracket it.

For the purpose of projecting an image on the reflector 36 during its movement with the track assembly 22, a projector 66 is mounted on a carriage 68 carried by the track assembly 22. The carriage BI is provided with bearing members 62 and 63 which are slidably supported on track providing rods 36 and 32 for movement toward and away from the reflector 36. Pivotally con-- nected to the carriage 6| at 64 and 66 is a pair of lifting levers 66 and GI, respectively, whichare pivotally mounted at their opposite ends to a shaft I6 extending between the upper corners of the brackets I 6 and I3. Spaced from the shaft I6 and rotatably mounted in the brackets I6 and 'I3 is a drive shaft I4 operatively connected to a slow speed motor I6; A driving cam I3 is carried by the drive shaft I4 for engagement with a roller 36 carried by a shaft 32 interconnecting the lifting levers 66 and 61. The shape of the driving cam" is such that during clockwise movement it engages the roller 33 to lift the levers 66 and 61, thereby moving the carriage 6| and the track assembly 22 to their .upper'extreme positions in about one-sixth of a rotation, thereafter allowing them' to descend to their lower position in approximately one-third of a rotation, where they remain stationary for approximately one-half of cam 36 mounted lengthwise on the track assembly 22. A roller 36 carried by a U-shaped frame 33 pivotally mounted on a shaft 36 passed through bearings 32 and 33 on the carriage M coactively engages the elongated cam 36 for automatic adjustment of the objective I 34 in accordance with the relative movement of the projector 66 and the reflector 36. The U-shaped frame 33 is provided with elongated slots 36 adapted to engage pins 36 and 61 which extend laterally from the objective 34 through the slot 93 of the projector sleeve I66. A spring I62 is connected to the carriage 6| at I63 and to a lug I64 on the U-shaped frame 36 adjacent the slot 36 to bias the roller 36 against the elongated cam 36. Since the camming surface of the cam 66 extends the entire distance through which the projector 66 travels, the curvature thereof may be, easily shaped to obtain a high degree of accuracy in the automatic adjustment of the ob- ,jective 66 for all positions of the projector 66 and reflector 36.

The projector .66 is shown as including a lamp housing I66 and an automatic lantern slide feeder I63 which are supported on the carriage 6| by a mounting I I6, the lantern slide feeder being interposed between the projector sleeve I66 and the lamp housing 566. The lantern slide feeder I66 comprises a large disc II2 containing a plu-. rality of apertures or lantern slide mountings N4, the number of which may be varied as desired, depending, of course, on the size of the disc H2 and the lantern slides I I5, which may be made from film as small as 8 mm, from negatives of the candid camera size, or any other convenient size available. Two small circular plates H6, iii are located, one on each side of the disc 2, as shown in Figure 3, to provide a bearing surface for the disc and also a groove for receiving and retaining the'inner edge of the lantern slides Hi6. The outer edge of each lantern slide is received between the spaced cap portions ofa locking device I26, one of which is provided adjacent the outer edge of each lantern slide opening or mounting H4. One of the cap portions of each locking device I26 is trimmed off as at i2i so that when the locking device is revolved to position the trimmed side I2I adjacent the lantern slide opening, the slide may readily be removed and another insertedin its p ace.

The feeder disc I I2 is revolved periodically to exchange the lantern slides within the projector by movement of a reciprocable arm I36 which is provided with a bifurcated element I32 at one end and a spring biased pawl 134 at the opposite end thereof.- A roller I36 is rotatably mounted between the arms of the bifurcated element for engagement with a cam-like bracket I33 rigidly secured to the brackets 24 and 26. The arm I36 is biased by a spring I46 to maintain the I34 for rotation of the feeder disc through the necessary are to feed the slides consecutively into the projector during alternate strokes of the arm I30. Notches I46 are provided in the periphery of the disc II2, one for each mounting II4, for releasable engagement with a spring detent I48 adapted to hold the disc during the returning stroke of the arm I30.

It will be apparent from the foregoing that any series of lantern slides contained in the feeder disc II2 may be automatically displayed in consecutive order, and that such series may be repeated, if desired, by continued, operation of the device. Additional discs containing various series of slides may be substituted for display purposes from time to time.

The lamp housing I06 may be ventilated by providing it with upper and lower openings I60 and I52. By locating the ventilating openings in the path of movement, the air is caused not only by its natural tendency to move upwardly through the housing when heated but also to move therethrough by the raising and lowering movement of the projector. The lamp housing contains the usual condensers and lamp (not shown), the lamp being held therein by a socket I54. Energization of the lamp is controlled by a switch I56 adapted to be opened and closed by a cam I58 carried by the drive shaft 14. socket I54 of the lamp housing is connected by appropriate wiring in series with the cam actuated switch I56 and a main switch I60, which may be connected to any available source of electrical power. The motor I6 may also be electrically connected and controlled by the main switch I60.

The screen 55 may be on a support separate from the housing I if desired. As illustrated in Figure 1, however, the cover portion I4 of the housing I0 is provided with an aperture I62, about which a channel-providing member I64 is positioned for reception and retention of the screen, which may be of ground glass or other appropriate material.

In summarizing, the device operates as follows: When the main switch I60 is closed and the motor 86 energized, the driving cam I8 is caused to rotate slowly in a clockwise direction.- As the steep portion of the driving cam 18 moves under the roller 80, the. levers 66 and 61 are caused'to rotate clockwise, thereby moving the carriage 6I upwardly on the rods 30 and 32 toward the reflector plate 36. The movement of the carriage 6I operates simultaneously to swing the track assembly 22 forward in a clockwise direction about the shaft 20, carrying the reflector 36 toward the screen 65, the reflector 36 being rotated slightly counterclockwise at the same time by the rod 44 and cam 48 so as to maintain the image properly centered on the screen. The movement of the carriage also provides for the automatic adjustment of the objective 84 by moving the roller 86 over the cam 85. The roller I36 carried by the arm I30 is likewise moved along the cam I38 by the upward movement of the carriage 8|, whereby the arm I30 is shifted to the left causingthepawl I34 by engagement with a stud I42 to move the disc III The v clockwise and feed the next succeeding lantern slide into projecting position within the projector 60, the spring detent I48 engaging one of the notches I46 in the periphery of the feeder disc II2 so as to releasably retain the disc in the desired position.

When the projector device reaches its extreme upward position and the reflector 36 is closely I adjacent the screen 55, the switch I56 is closed by the cam I58, thereby energizing the lamp contained in the housing I06 to project an image of the slide upon the screen 55. The initial size of the image, however, is quite small, but as the cam I8 continues to revolve and the movement of the carriage is reversed causing it to return toward its lower position and the track 22 to swing counterclockwise, the size of the image is expanded until it reaches a maximum size by the carriage stopping in its lower position. The return movement of the carriage together with the automatic adjustment of the objective 84 causes the image to undergo a proportional change. in size while at the same time maintaining its sharpness of focus. Such expansion of the image while its sharpness is maintained produces the sensation of forward movement by the image itself. The maximum size of the projected image is maintained on the screen for a period of time during which the cam 'l8 rnakes about one-half of a revolution at the end of which the cam I68 opens the switch I56 and de-energizes the source of light. The mechanism is then ready to start a new cycle whereby another object may be displayed.

The opposite effect may be had by reversing either the cam I8 or the operation of the motor 16, whereby the image would be first displayed upon the screen in its maximum size for a predetermined period of time and thereafter reduced in size to produce a receding effect at the end of the display. r

It is understood, however, that'the shape of the driving cam may be changed to vary the movement of the carriage and track assembly so as to produce various effects desired and still be within the scope of the invention. For example. the rising and lowering surfaces of the cam may be symmetrical, or they may be increased or decreased in length and/or inclination and the dwell increased or. decreased or even eliminated i be used. The lantern slide feeder I08 is replaced by a film i'eeder gate I80 which comprises an intermediate element I82 of approximately I-shape in cross-section, a bottom plate I84 and a cover I86, forming longitudinal passages I88 and I80, and an aperture I8I for passage of light. The film is fed through the longitudinal passage I80 by means of a pair of transport pawls I82, I83, which are located in the passage I88 and extend upwardly through slots I86 and I81, respectively, for transporting engagement with the film contained in the passage I80. The pawls I82, I83 are interconnected by a cross piece I88 which is pivotaily connected to a link 200 at 23I. The link 200 which extends through an opening in the side of the gate I30 is in turn pivotally connected at 202 about midway between its ends to a second link 203, pivotally connected to the bottom cover plate I84 at 204. Pivotally connected to the outer end of the link 200 at 208 is a cam actuated arm 208 which is reciprocated by a suitably shaped cam similar to cam I38.

In operation the-pawls I92, I03 are reciprocated longitudinally of the gate I80 by the reciprocation of the connecting arm 208 whereby they are adapted to engage the perforations in the film 2I0 in one direction of movementso as to move the film one frame for each cycle of operation.

The operation of the projection device is other-' flector 30 may be locked in any desired position to maintain a desired size of an' image on the screen 55. The upper wall of thehousing I is provided with an aperture 2I8, whereby the screen 55 may be readily removed for the purpose of inserting an easel containing a sensitized paper for making enlargements of the projected image.

From thelforegoing description, it will be apparent that we have also invented a new and novel method of displaying images of pictures, symbols and other objects so as to produce an attention-arresting effect upon the casual observer. This new method, of displaying images includes the important step of causing a projected image to'undergo a proportional change in size while maintaining the image in proper focus. The variation in size may be from small to large or from large to small or both in consecutive order, if desired. The proportional change in the size of an image on display, if properly controlled, produces an effect of motion toward the observer, if the change is that of expansion, and of receding motion if the change is that of reduction. The sense-efiect of this change, especially when. it first comes into the view of a person, tends to produce alertness, due to his natural reaction to motions of objects directed toward or away from him, whereby he is definitely attracted to the contents of the display. Another step in the methodof displaying the image is that of maintaining the image in one size for a predetermined-period of time whereby secutive order. I

It will be understood that the preceding de-" scription is illustrative only and that there can be many variations, both in the elements of the apparatus and in the steps of the method set forth, all falling within the scope of our invention, as defined in the appended claims.

- We claim:

an observer may perceive the contents of the display once he has been'attracted by, the apparent 1. In a projector device .of the character described, a stationary base, an arm pivotally.

mounted on said base for oscillation toward and position of said reflector with respect to said arm for different positions of said arm, a projector movably mounted on said arm for projecting an image toward said reflector for reflection upon said screen, a. driving element operatively connected to said projector for moving the projector lengthwise of said arm and thereby cause oscillation of said arm, and power means associated with said driving element to operatively control the movements of said projector, arm and reflector.

2. In a. projector device of the character described, a stationary base, an arm pivotally mounted on said base for oscillation toward and away from a screen, a reflector pivotally carried by the free end of said arm, a cam surface associated with said base, means operatively connected to said reflector and engageabie with said cam surface to vary the angular position of said reflector with respect to said arm for different positions of said arm, a projector, mean-s for mounting said projector for movement lengthwise of said arm, and power means associated with said projector mounting means to move said projector lengthwise of said arm and oscillate said arm in a predetermined relation with respect to the lengthwise movement of 'said pro- 

